Signs and Symptoms of Balance Problems and Falls

Feeling unsteady, dizzy, or at risk of falling is common, especially as we get older. But balance problems are not just a normal part of ageing — they are usually a sign that something in the body needs attention. Recognising the symptoms early can help you get the right support and reduce the risk of falls.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Balance Problems

You may be experiencing a balance issue if you notice:

• Feeling unsteady on your feet or needing to hold on to furniture.

• A sense of dizziness or spinning (the room feels like it’s moving).

• Lightheadedness or faintness.

• Feeling like you might black out or collapse.

• Difficulty walking in a straight line or drifting to one side.

• Blurry vision when moving.

• Feeling unconfident when moving around, especially in the dark or on uneven ground.

• Having frequent trips or near misses with falling.

These symptoms can come from different causes — sometimes related to the inner ear, sometimes linked to blood pressure, medications, or muscle weakness.

Specific Conditions Linked to Balance Problems

1. Vertigo

• A false sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving.

• Often worse when you change head position (e.g. rolling over in bed, bending down).

• May be associated with nausea, vomiting, or sweating.

2. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

• One of the most common causes of vertigo.

• Caused by tiny crystals moving inside the inner ear.

• Symptoms include brief, intense spinning sensations triggered by rolling in bed, looking up, or turning your head.

• Episodes usually last seconds to minutes but can be very unsettling.

3. Blackouts or Fainting (Syncope)

• A sudden temporary loss of consciousness or near-collapse.

• Often caused by a drop in blood pressure, dehydration, heart rhythm problems, or certain medications.

• Warning signs may include lightheadedness, blurred vision, or feeling hot and clammy before passing out.

4. Low Blood Pressure or Postural Hypotension

• Dizziness or faintness when standing up quickly.

• Feeling weak or wobbly when moving from sitting to standing.

5. Neurological Causes

• Conditions like Parkinson’s disease, stroke, or neuropathy can affect balance and coordination.

• Symptoms may include stiffness, slow movements, or weakness on one side of the body.

6. Other Contributing Factors

• Muscle weakness (especially in the legs).

• Poor vision.

• Inner ear infections (causing dizziness and imbalance).

• Medication side effects (some drugs list dizziness as a common side effect).

Why It Matters

Falls can have a big impact on independence, confidence, and quality of life. Even a “near miss” can cause worry and lead people to reduce their activity, which can then weaken muscles and make balance worse.

Recognising these signs early and seeking advice means you can get treatment — whether that’s through exercises, physiotherapy, medical review, or a combination of approaches.

What You Can Do

• See your GP or physiotherapist if you experience dizziness, blackouts, or frequent imbalance.

• Keep active with balance and strength exercises to reduce fall risk.

• Check your vision and hearing regularly.

• Review your medications with your doctor or pharmacist.

• Make your home safe by removing trip hazards and using good lighting.

Final Thoughts

Balance problems are common, but they are not something you should ignore. Whether it’s dizziness from BPPV, blackouts from blood pressure changes, or unsteadiness due to weaker muscles, there are treatments and strategies that can help.

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, a physiotherapist can work with you to improve your balance, build confidence, and reduce your risk of falls