Understanding a Basal Ganglia Stroke: What It Affects and How Physiotherapy Can Help

A stroke can affect people in very different ways, depending on which part of the brain is involved. One area that can be impacted is the basal ganglia – a group of structures deep inside the brain that play an important role in controlling movement, balance, and even motivation.

When a stroke happens in the basal ganglia, recovery can feel challenging. But with the right support and physiotherapy, many people are able to regain independence and confidence.

What Does the Basal Ganglia Do?

The basal ganglia act like the body’s “movement control centre.” Their main jobs include:

• Starting and controlling movement.

• Keeping movements smooth and coordinated.

• Helping with balance and posture.

• Supporting learning of new movement skills.

• Playing a role in motivation and certain aspects of thinking.

When this area is damaged by a stroke, it’s not just strength that can be affected — the quality of movement, balance, and even mood can change too.

What Might Be Affected After a Basal Ganglia Stroke?

1. Movement and Strength

• Weakness or heaviness on one side of the body.

• Slower or harder-to-start movements.

• Jerky, shaky, or poorly coordinated movements.

• Difficulty with fine tasks, like using cutlery or fastening buttons.

2. Balance and Walking

• Walking may feel unsteady.

• Balance can be harder to maintain, especially when turning or changing direction.

• Fear of falling is common, which may lead to less activity.

3. Muscle Tone and Flexibility

• Muscles may become stiff or rigid.

• Joints can feel tight if they’re not stretched and moved regularly.

4. Involuntary Movements

Some people notice movements they can’t control, such as tremors, twitches, or sudden jerks.

5. Speech and Swallowing

• Speech may become slower, softer, or less clear.

• Swallowing certain foods or drinks may be more difficult.

6. Thinking and Emotions

Because the basal ganglia connect with other areas of the brain, you may also experience:

• Slower thinking or trouble concentrating.

• Difficulty with planning, problem-solving, or memory.

• Feeling less motivated or “flat.”

• Changes in mood, such as frustration, sadness, or anxiety.

7. Everyday Activities

All of these challenges can affect daily life, making tasks like dressing, washing, cooking, or moving around the house more difficult.

How Physiotherapy Can Help

Physiotherapy is a key part of recovery after a basal ganglia stroke. A physiotherapist can help you:

• Regain movement and strength through targeted exercises.

• Improve coordination and balance to reduce fall risk.

• Stretch and move stiff muscles to keep joints flexible.

• Relearn walking and everyday skills that support independence.

• Stay motivated by setting achievable goals and celebrating progress.

Therapy is always tailored to your needs and focuses on what matters most to you.

Practical Tips You Can Start Working On

Here are some simple, safe ideas to help your recovery (check with your physiotherapist before starting anything new):

• Practice little and often: Do short bursts of activity regularly. Repetition helps the brain relearn movements.

• Use your weaker side: Involve your affected arm or leg in daily activities, even if it feels clumsy.

• Work on posture and balance: Sit tall, and practice gentle weight shifts while standing with support.

• Stretch often: Keep muscles and joints flexible by moving and changing position regularly.

• Take your time: Focus on slow, controlled movements rather than rushing.

• Set small goals: Aim for achievable steps, like standing up more easily or walking to the kitchen.

• Look after your wellbeing: Rest when needed, and talk to your healthcare team if you feel low or unmotivated.

Final Thoughts

A basal ganglia stroke can affect movement, balance, speech, mood, and more — but recovery is always possible. With consistent physiotherapy, patience, and support from family and friends, many people see real improvements in their independence and quality of life.

Every step forward, no matter how small, is progress.